ABSTRACT

Mitral regurgitation (MR) affects millions of patients worldwide. It is a progressive condition that can worsen when left untreated, possibly leading to compensatory remodeling of the left ventricle. This can result in reduced functional capacity, poor quality of life, repeat hospitalizations, and even death from heart failure. Open, arrested heart

chapter 14|8 pages

Procedural tips and tricks

chapter 15|5 pages

Training and simulation