ABSTRACT
Ibotenic Acid and Muscimol-Containing Poisonous Mushrooms Unlike the muscarine-containing mushrooms, these mushrooms are neurotoxic and epileptogenic and do not cause muscarinic toxidromes.
◾ Reps: Amanita muscaria,A. pantherina, A. gemmata (Figures 19.12 and 19.13) ◾ Toxins: Ibotenic acid, a glutamate agonist = excitation, and its 1° metabolite, musci-
mol, a GABA agonist = ataxia, somnolence, hallucinations ◾ Antidote: Benzodiazepines
◾ Dx: Onset 0.5-2 h, vertigo, somnolence, delirium, hallucinations; myoclonus and seizures in children
Psilocybin Toxicity ◾ Reps: Psilocybe spp. (Figure 19.14). ◾ Toxins: “Mellow mushrooms” contain both psilocin and psilocybin; derived from
tryptamine and are serotonergic agonists and analogs of LSD. ◾ Antidote: Benzodiazepines. ◾ Dx: Onset rapid 0.5-1 h, hyperkinesis, ataxia, hallucinations. ◾ Tx: Anticonvulsants.
