ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the immunochemical properties of some of these known Hymenoptera venom proteins and peptides, and their relevance to understanding and treatment of insect allergy. Several authors have reported the use of venom allergens for improved diagnosis of Hymenoptera hypersensitivity. In addition to proteins, Hymenoptera venoms contain peptides, biogenic amines such as histamine and dopamine, and other low-molecular-weight components. The host protein is homologous to the guest allergen and they are poorly cross-reactive as antigens. Data in agreement with the generalization were obtained with vespid allergen-specific mouse antisera, which contain mainly specific immunoglobulin G. Mediators are released from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-bound mast cells or basophils on allergen challenge. This biological activity requires the allergens to have multiple determinants/epitopes so that they can cross-link the bivalent IgE antibodies. The biological activity of allergens to cause mediator release depends on the affinity of allergen-specific IgEs.
