ABSTRACT
Nanomaterials, dimension size between 1 and 100 nanometers, are categorized in four sections [1]: (1) zero-dimensional (confined all dimensions in nanoscale such as clusters, quantum dots, and nanoparticles), (2) one-dimensional (confined two dimensions in nanoscale such as nanotubes, nanorods, and nanowires), (3) two-dimensional (confined one dimensions in nanoscale such as nanofilms, nanolayers, and nanocoatings), and (4) three-dimensional (confined no dimensions in nanoscale including nanocomposites, porous materials, powders, fibrous, multilayer, and polycrystalline materials) (see Figure 3.1).
