ABSTRACT
Small and low-cost sensor nodes are available, thanks to developments in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. ese sensor nodes have irreplaceable batteries and they are deployed in specic regions of interest. e deployment of these sensor nodes forms wireless ad hoc networks, namely wireless sensor networks (WSNs). e application areas of these networks are environmental or habitat monitoring, military surveillance, medical applications, multimedia applications, and so forth. e sensor nodes sense the environment-heat, pressure, sound, light, or motion depending on the application-and form packets related to the observations. e sensor nodes collaborate with each other to convey these packets in a multihop manner to a base station or sink [1].
