ABSTRACT
The River Nile is the backbone for the water resources management within Sudan. The heavy sediment load of the river imposes challenges for hydropower and irrigation. A comprehensive sediment measurement program was initiated in 2004 to develop the design and operation of eight planned dams and one existing dam. Analysis of the first data set from 2005 to 2008 are presented. Suspended sediment measured at the station El Koro composes mainly of silt https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> ( 60 % ) https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429069246/b59e18fc-9e1d-4389-b000-a1069c1cd27e/content/eq6786.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> , clay https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> ( 34 % ) https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429069246/b59e18fc-9e1d-4389-b000-a1069c1cd27e/content/eq6787.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> and a small portion of fine sand https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> ( 6 % ) https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429069246/b59e18fc-9e1d-4389-b000-a1069c1cd27e/content/eq6788.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> . The discharge varied between 454 and 11,335m3/s, and the sediment concentration from 0.004 to https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> 14.6 g / l https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429069246/b59e18fc-9e1d-4389-b000-a1069c1cd27e/content/eq6789.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> . The relation between concentration and discharge shows a dominant clockwise hysteresis for the entire flood season. However, counterclockwise loops have been noted for short periods. By dividing the flood to rising limb, falling limb and base flow, empirical relations were developed to account for the hysteresis effect.
