ABSTRACT
The synthesis of carbon can be arranged through many different techniques, including chemicalvapor deposition (CVD; plasma enhanced,1,2 low pressure,3 laser ablation,4,5 and arc discharge6,7), hydrothermal synthesis,8 electrolysis,9 and various other techniques.10 The temperatures needed to synthesize carbonaceous materials can vary from subzero9 to thousands of degree centigrade,11 although the pressure can vary from low pressures (as when making amorphous carbon coatings3) to extremely high pressures (e.g., diamond synthesis11). With thermal energy being the main source of energy for bond breaking and atomic mobility (such as in CVD), different synthesis conditions are required for the various allotropes of carbon.
