ABSTRACT
Increasing concern towards the sustainable society makes us imperative for recycle and reuse of materials which are either disposed of after their first use or which are cogenerated in a chemical conversion along with the main product. The second category of materials/chemicals produced as by-products deserve special attention particularly, for developing new manufacturing processes due to growing concern for the atom efficiency and proper utilization of by-products. The commercial success sometimes even hinges for want of suitable recycle of by-products of the primary process. In the new era of developing non-conventional energy and chemical resources, biomass has proved to be a renewable, clean, carbon neural alternative for the conventional fossil based processes causing extensive global warming due to ever increasing demand for fuels and chemicals [1]. Biomass can be transformed in to fuel gas through partial combustion, biogas through fermentation, bioalcohol through biochemical processes, into a bio-oil or into a syngas and into most demandable biodiesel by transesterification of vegetable oils and animal tallow. The utilization of biomass helps to achieve two strategic goals of biorefinery that is (i) the displacement of imported petroleum in favor of renewable domestic raw materials (an energy goal) and (ii) the establishment of a robust biobased industry (an economic goal) and the closed loop as shown in Figure 1 [2].
