ABSTRACT
Protecting humans or animals from various foodborne diseases has become an increasingly important task for many specialists in food safety issues in the eld of animal and human health all over the world, especially with the important mission to ensure safe and healthy feeds or foods for animals and humans free from any dangerous contamination levels of various mycotoxins. While developed countries have well-developed infrastructures for monitoring food quality standards, people in developing countries are not protected by food quality monitoring and enforcement of safe standards within their countries. However, even in the case of introduction of such food safety standards within a particular developing country, it would often encourage the exportation of the best-quality crops, because the foods being exported are expected to comply with the food quality standards accepted in the countries importing such foods and thereby resulting in higher risk of mycotoxins exposure of the citizens in the developing countries, having in mind that only the
9.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 169 9.2 Foodborne Mycotoxicoses and Hazard of Joint Mycotoxin Exposure ................................. 170 9.3 Risk Assessment and Possible Hygiene Control ................................................................... 178
9.3.1 Underestimated Hazard of Joint Mycotoxin Exposure and Mycotoxin Interaction .....185 9.3.2 Hazard of Masked Mycotoxins for Human Health................................................... 185
9.4 Management of the Risk of Mycotoxin Contamination of Foods/Feeds ............................. 186 9.4.1 Prevention of Mycotoxin Contamination of Foods/Feeds ........................................ 187 9.4.2 Physical Methods of Mycotoxin Decontamination of Foods/Feeds ......................... 188 9.4.3 Chemical Methods of Mycotoxin Decontamination of Foods/Feeds ...................... 189 9.4.4 Feed Additives and Antidotes Used Against Toxic Effects of Mycotoxins.............. 189 9.4.5 Mycotoxin Decontamination via Food/Feed Processing ......................................... 190
9.5 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 192 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. 193 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... 193 References ...................................................................................................................................... 193
best-quality crops leave the country, whereas the poor-quality foods usually remain for local domestic consumption (Stoev, 2013a). Therefore, stricter regulations in importing countries can be even considered as an additional health risk burden on the exporting country population since only the best-quality foods leave the country, whereas the commodities with higher levels of mycotoxin contamination usually remain for domestic consumption. In addition, the difculty in meeting U.S. and EU mycotoxin safety standards possibly means the loss of an export market. Or, alternatively, it means exportation of the best-quality grains in order to keep the export market. By keeping the poorer-quality grain in the domestic market, local consumers bear the health burdens (Stoev, 2007).
