ABSTRACT

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3.1 Introduction Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is a global concept of biology that includes the analysis and description of life variability, whether of microbes, plants, or animals belonging to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The concept of biodiversity can also be extended to molecules produced by living organisms, regardless of their function or biosynthetic pathways. In the biosphere, there are several biodiversity areas, among the largest are insects, which may include 2-5 million species, angiosperms, with more than 275,000 known species, and specialized metabolites, which exceed 100,000 molecular structures recognized. Biodiversity can be settled to other ecosystems, but also reduced to minor scales, referring to the biodiversity of a particular nation, park, and plant group or even in one single species (Buchs 2003).