ABSTRACT

This chapter discusses programmatic management based on the ethical and responsible use of laboratory animals in research, teaching, and testing. Russell and Burch’s The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique (1959) and their 3Rs (Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement) are important and frequently cited considerations. Besides applying the 3Rs, national animal welfare regulations frequently include husbandry and species-space requirements, veterinary care, ethics committee (e.g., Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, or IACUC) requirements, research-related hazards (e.g., allergens, biohazard, toxins, carcinogens) and facilities/ physical plant requirements.