ABSTRACT

Age is a biological phenomenon that promotes skin shrinkage, wrinkles, and sagging. The skin’s elasticity and ’rmness are controlled by thick layers of keratinized cells and the elastic ’bers composed of collagen and elastin. Collagen serves as the structural backbone or scaffolding of animals and plays a crucial role in maintaining structural integrity (Kim et al., 2009) in preventing organs/tissues from tear or losing their functional shape, when they are exposed to sudden and wild movements.